哪一种是最好的填塞或密封胶?
Finding the right caulking, and better still finding non-toxic caulk for sealing windows or doors, first requires identifying the exact type you need, which means choosing the right caulking for different surfaces and substrates.Hang on tight because discussing the various chemical compounds and other substances in caulking is riveting stuff! And here we go -
The category of ‘caulking and sealants’ comprise many different products, all of which – when applied properly – should stop the penetration of air, and / or water or water vapour. We are often asked哪种填充物最适合浴室和淋浴?哪一种填塞物对木材最好?哪种填缝剂最适合密封窗户?Well to start, different types of caulking and sealant can generally be divided into three categories: interior, exterior and ‘special purpose’ sealants depending on their applications and the budget. From what we've seen on construction sites, having some stuck on your clothes is also a recognized badge of honor for all those who build stuff!
Worth a note, we've experimented with caulk and with window and door sealing tape for installing windows in some of our previousgreen home projectsand found not only was specialized joint tape cleaner, but it did a better job at air sealing. Watch ourDIY how to install windows properly video看到更多。
What is caulking best for?
As a general rule, exterior caulking prevents moisture penetration, while interior caulking prevents air penetration or transfer - reducingair leakage in a building. The problem with air penetration in buildings goes beyond heated air escaping from a nice cozy house, or indeed hot air getting in - it'sthe potential for causing interstitial condensation within wallsthat causes hidden problems of wood rot and building decay in the exterior structure. Caulking on the outside of a building should be seen as a secondary line of defense against moisture penetration, but it often has to compensate for the absence of ‘intelligent design’, especially in older buildings, or for a lack of skilfull trim cutting in newer buildings. Caulk is after all referred to as "scribing in a tube" on many a construction site.
如果你的语法闹钟已经响了，因为“caulking”听起来像一个动词，而“caulking”听起来像一个名词，提前警告一下，我们将会对这些术语进行很宽松的处理，因为还有一些余地，and it's familiar ‘builder speak’:)
Exterior caulks need to be durable, but also compatible with the materials and conditions around them.This is where reading the manufacturer’s suggested use is very important, as not all caulking substances will adhere to all surfaces. And while you’re standing in a building store reading the smallprint and warnings on yet another caulk tube, that’s as good time a time as any to evaluate any interior caulking you may be looking at to see what sort of impact it may have on your indoor air quality.
The unfortunate reality is that ‘safe’ non-toxic caulking is often very difficult to source, while the most readily available caulking and sealing materials you will find at your local hardware store contain hazardous substances and share many of the same toxic components you’ll find in regular paints. Speaking of which – if you’re caulking, you’ll often be painting afterwards, sosee here to find how to choose safe paints.
嵌缝中的颜料包括填充剂和增塑剂，树脂中含有溶剂。VOCs are released very slowly during curing, which presents apotential danger to indoor air quality. Because the materials we build with move and flex, what we are often after with caulking is flexibility (which brings durability), and it is often the toxic elements in caulk that brings those characteristics.
当你在室内工作时，为了保护你家里的空气，尽可能使用水基密封材料。对于那些对气味相当敏感的人，寻找被列为100%中性治愈的填充物;这些项目可能会有一个更短的沼气释放期。基于丙烯酸乳胶的填缝剂不是良性的，但在许多用途上都很好，而且很容易获得。聚氨酯嵌缝非常耐用，但主要适用于户外应用。此外，还有纯度(和价格)令人眼花缭乱的硅胶填缝剂。
Oil or resin-based caulking:
油基或树脂基的填充物一旦干燥和固化就可以进行涂装。它们会散发出油性气味，但干燥后消散得很快。有些人可能会发现这些油和树脂可能会有中度的刺激性，它们的耐久性有时会因为较低的粘附性和柔韧性而受到损害——这一切都取决于用来使它们膨胀的填充剂的数量。这种密封产品可能是我们最不可能使用的一种，使窗户在较冷的气候中防风雨。
Is silicone caulk better?
100%中性固化的硅酮密封胶或填缝剂完全固化(或干燥)到中间，因此有一个有限的排气周期。这与其他标准填塞物的行为不同，后者在固化时形成一层硬壳，这阻止了中心完全固化，并导致一个更长的和长时间的气体释放期。这些硅酮填缝剂通常是化学敏感性的最佳选择，它们可以用于内部和外部应用。它们没有杀菌剂或有害添加剂，尽管一些“浴槽”填塞物含有杀菌剂。高硅树脂，低填充材料在高温和低温下的易用性和灵活性方面是一致的，最重要的是，对于防水门窗和玻璃材料本身是防水的，如果仔细和良好地应用，将水从可能的入口引导到建筑结构中，这是非常棒的。
Which caulk or sealant lasts the longest?
In general, silicone sealants (acetic acid-cure) are solvent-free silicone compounds that produce a flexible, watertight seal upon curing.They have good adhesion to most surfaces, although primers may be required on wood, steel or anodized aluminum. They are excellent for large, moving joints: up to 25mm and allow for 12 – 15% joint movement, and have a life expectancy of over 20 years. Most of these types however, cannot be painted over. Ventilation is required during application and curing for indoor applications. Silicone caulking is designed for use in moist locations, and usually contains fungicides, and in bath sealing applications for durability we have a tried and tested method to improve durability. To increase the lifespan of bathroom sealing with silicone, it's always a good idea to fill the bath or shower tray with water carefully to put it under load while applying a neat bead of sealant. Once the silicone sealent is fully cured - appx 24 hrs - then run the water out. Otherwise we've seen countless examples of the bath shifting or flexing and the silicone sealant splitting or unsticking.
Acrylic latex sealants:
Acrylic latex caulk (a water-based emulsion sealant) is more toxic than 100% neutral-cure silicone caulking, but is much less toxic than butyl and synthetic-based rubber caulking.对于像浴室和厨房这样的地方，它也是一个很好的选择，因为它们可能会暴露在潮湿和潮湿的环境中，但在我们的经验中，它不如高质量的硅酮填充物。丙烯酸乳胶是无孔表面如铝，玻璃和瓷砖的绝佳选择，但它也可以用于密封木材表面的接缝。它只能有效地填充最大9毫米的接缝宽度，并且只能在需要很少移动的地方使用。它的预期寿命为10年，并有多种颜色可供选择。当它干燥和固化后，它可以被涂覆，我们可能会建议丙烯酸基的填缝剂最好用作室内空气和化妆品密封胶，而不是水密封胶。用于沐浴和厨房的产品很可能含有杀菌剂。
Non toxic caulking and sealants: Which caulking is safest to use in a home?
Water-based low-toxicity caulking is specially formulated for environmental safety.However, those with extreme sensitivities may still experience skin irritation from exposure to the substances in some of these products so be certain to wear gloves when handling this sealing product and use caulking tools for smoothing and profiling to avoid direct contact with uncured product.
Acoustical sealant (or acoustic caulk) :
This specialized sound-absorbing soundproofing caulk sealant bonds to most surfaces, but is especially good for use on metal, concrete and gypsum board. It is excellent for sealing the joints in polyethylene air and vapor barriers, but should be used only where it is sandwiched between two materials (mechanical support, i.e. staples, are required when it is used in this application). It can be used with joint widths up to a maximum of 16mm and accepts up to 10% joint movement.
It is very durable, with a life expectancy of up to 20 years. It is non-hardening and non-paintable and should not be used in exposed locations. Important: when using acoustical sealant – wear gloves! And proceed with great caution to the surfaces around you, your clothes etc.; this stuff gets on and stays on anything it comes near.
It should be noted that acoustical sealant is slow to cure when used for air- or vapor barrier joints, and the large amount required means that odors may linger for extended periods. Sensitive individuals may be irritated by the volatile solvents it releases - often referred to as VOC's which adversly effect indoor air quality in homes.
Butyl-based caulks and sealants:
Butyl rubber caulks are a synthetic rubber sealant that bond to most surfaces, but it is particularly well-suited for metal and masonry.它可以与12毫米宽的关节一起使用，允许5-10%的关节运动。它具有优良的耐候性，相当耐用，寿命可达10年(比油嵌缝长)。它有多种颜色可供选择，经过一周的固化后可涂漆。然而，在固化过程中需要通风三天，因为它固化缓慢，并释放出有毒的溶剂气味和挥发性有机化合物。
Urethane sealants:
Urethane foam sealant is available in a dispensing system with spray nozzles or individual aerosol spray cans - often called spray-foam or expanding foam sealant.We're often asked if this kind of insulating foam sealant is "great stuff", well, we'renot huge fans of regular spray foam insulation, for the reasons discussed here, but there are urethane foam types available with different rates of expansion depending on the ingredients, and the amount of pre-curing and level of potential toxicity can also vary. It bonds well to most surfaces except polyethylene, Teflon, or silicone plastics - and for someprojects like sticking rigid foam insulation panels to interior basement walls and sealing themit clearly has its uses. It is very good for sealing larger joints or cavities, but should not be used at window headers as it isn’t very flexible, so it can leave gaps if the building settles. It generally has a functional lifespan of up to 20 years, and like all insulating foams, for safety and to meet building code, it must be covered with a fire-resistant material. Ventilation is required to remove potentially toxic vapors.
Polyurethane sealants:
Polyurethane joint sealant is an exterior caulking product for sealing dynamically moving joints, perimeter joints and the bedding of mullions, panels and frames.Minimum joint-size should be at least 6mm, and the maximum joint size should be 32mm width x 13mm depth in a single application.
Polyurethane foam sealantis an all-purpose minimal expanding foam sealant that uses nitrogen as the blowing agent. It expands to fill gaps and holes. When cured, the foam assumes the shape of the cavity. It also provides some insulation value.
Polyurethane caulkingis an elastic sealing compound that can be painted after drying or curing, and it performs well even when subjected to joint movement. Ventilation is highly recommended as it will off gas solvent and plasticizer emissions which may be irritating or neurotoxic.
Gypsum jointing compounds:
石膏接缝复合物(又名干墙泥)不是真正的密封胶或填缝剂，但它的毒性很低，是专门用于完成干墙接缝和修补石膏的。干燥时，它可能会散发出轻微的气味，但这些气味与其说是健康问题，不如说是令人讨厌的。
Dry-mix gypsum joint compound is mixed with water to form a joint compound. Drywall installation use large quantities of this filler. The exact formulations will vary depending on the manufacturers. Note that ‘setting’ and ‘drying’ compounds are chemically different. Setting compounds are chemically similar to plaster. Dry-mix drying compounds do not set, but rely on drying, which often takes 24 hours.
Dry-mix drying compounds are a powder form of the pre-mix compounds, but contain considerably less preservative and fungicide than the pre-mix. Pre-mixed gypsum joint compound is a ready-to-use ‘wet mud’ joint compound. It will emit odors while drying, and sanding causes serious exposure to dust. Irritation may occur due to the release of alcohol, glycol and other odors released while pre-mix drywall filler is drying. This product may also contain fungicides.
Water-based sealants:
There are water-based elastic emulsion caulking compounds and sealants that are designed to replace traditional caulk and putty for windows, cracks, and maintenance, but these have limited distribution so far.
Miscellaneous sealants:
Latex thermoplastic sealant (thermo-elastomeric latex sealant) contains less than 2% solvent. It is recommended for use as an exterior sealant. It is available in white and cement grey and can be painted 60 minutes after application.
Polysulfide sealant produces a flexible sealant on curing.当与特殊底漆一起使用时，它非常适合用于石头，砖石和混凝土表面。可使用的最大节理宽度为25mm，可接受12-25%的节理运动。它是可油漆的，通常有许多颜色。它会排出潜在的有毒气体，所以这是另一个你想要确保充分通风的地方。
在需要经历高温但没有接头运动的应用中，应使用炉子或消声器水泥。例如，当与其他材料一起用于砌体或工厂建造的烟囱的密封时。
If you've anything to add about which type of caulking or sealant is the best in homes and buildings, or have questions to ask for specific applications, make a comment below or drop us a question in our"ask an Expert" section here.
Now you know more aboutchoosing the best caulkingfor performance, durability and to protect indoor air quality. Find more pages aboutsustainable constructionbelow and in the EcoHomeGreen Building Guidepages.
Find more aboutgreen home constructionand discoverthe benefits of a free Ecohome Network Membership here. |
Comments (0)
Sign Up to Comment