什么是“生命建筑”挑战?

TheLiving Building Challengeis the most rigorous and comprehensive of all building rating systems. Performance requirements include net zero energy, water and waste, measured after a full year of operation only. LBC is broken down into 7 performance areas, which are then subdivided into a total of twenty Imperatives, all of which are mandatory.

如果你认为自己已经做好了迎接挑战的准备，下面的内容只是简单介绍一下，目的要么是吓退你，要么是进一步引诱你。

The 7 petals:

  • Site
  • Water
  • Energy
  • Health
  • Materials
  • Equity
  • Beauty

Site - 4 Imperatives

1) Limits to growth:

The project may only be constructed on previously developed sites, greyfields and/or brownfields that are not classified as any of the following:

  • Sensitive ecological habitats such as:
  • Native prairie: maintain at least 30 meters of separation
  • Old-growth forest: maintain at least 60 meters of separation
  • Primary dunes: maintain at least 40 meters of separation
  • Wetlands: maintain at least 15 meters, and up to 70 meters of separation
  • Prime farmland
  • Within the 100-year flood plain

The project team must document conditions prior to the start of work.
On-site landscape may only include native and/or naturalized species planted in such a way that emulates density and biodiversity of indigenous ecosystems and supports succession.

2) Urban agriculture:

该项目必须利用容积率(FAR)作为计算基础，结合适合其规模和密度的农业机会。

3) Habitat exchange:

For each hectare of development, an equal amount of land away from the project site must be set aside in perpetuity as part of a habitat exchange.

4) Car-free living:

The project should contribute towards the creation of walkable, pedestrian-oriented communities.

Evaluate the potential for the project to enhance the ability of a community to support a car free lifestyle based on the density and the ratio of the following occupancy types within a defined catchment area surrounding the project site:

A.Residential
B.Commercial (Business or Mercantile), Assembly, Educational, Institutional
C.Light Industrial (Factory, Storage)

Pedestrian-oriented communities are optimized when all three are represented and not one is demonstrably dominant.

Water - 2 Imperatives

5) Net zero water:

One hundred percent of the project’s water needs must be supplied by captured precipitation or other natural closed loop water systems that account for downstream ecosystem impacts, or by recycling used project water. Water must be appropriately purified without the use of chemicals.

6) Ecological water flow:

One hundred percent of storm water and used project water discharge must be managed onsite to feed the project’s internal water demands or released onto adjacent sites for management through acceptable natural time-scale surface flow, groundwater recharge, agricultural use or adjacent property needs.

Energy - 1 Imperative

7) Net zero energy:

One hundred percent of the project’s energy needs must be supplied by on-site renewable energy on a net annual basis.

Health - 3 Imperatives

8) Civilized environment:

Every room of interior living space must have operable windows.

9) Healthy air:

To ensure safe indoor air quality, the following requirements must be met:

  • Entryways must have an external dirt track-in system and an internal dirt track-in system contained within a separate entry space.
  • 所有厨房、浴室、复印室、清洁柜和化学品储存空间必须单独通风并直接排到室外空气中。
  • Ventilation rates must be designed to comply with ASHRAE 62 and equipment must be installed to monitor levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), temperature and humidity.
  • Smoking must be prohibited within the project boundary.

Air quality testing must be done pre-occupancy and after nine months of occupancy to measure levels of Respirable Suspended Particulates (RSP) and Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC).

10) Biophilia:

The project must be designed to include elements that nurture the innate human attraction to natural systems and processes. Each of the six established Biophilic Design Elements must be represented for every 2,000 m2 of the project:

  • Environmental features
  • Natural shapes and forms
  • Natural patterns and processes
  • Light and space
  • Place-based relationships
  • Evolved human-nature relationships

Materials -5 Imperatives

11) Redlist:

The project cannot contain any of the following Red List materials or chemicals:

  • Asbestos
  • Cadmium
  • Chlorinated Polyethylene and Chlorosulfonated Polyethlene
  • Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
  • Chloroprene (Neoprene)
  • Formaldehyde (added)
  • Halogenated Flame Retardants
  • Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
  • Lead (added)
  • Mercury
  • Petrochemical Fertilizers and Pesticides
  • Phthalates
  • Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
  • Wood treatments containing Creosote, Arsenic or Pentachlorophenol

12) Embodied carbon footprint:

The project must account for the total footprint of embodied carbon (tCO2e) from its construction through a one-time carbon offset tied to the project boundary.

13) Responsible industry:

该项目必须倡导创建和采用第三方认证的可持续资源开采标准和公平的劳工做法。适用的原材料包括石头和岩石、金属、矿物和木材。

All wood must be certified to Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) 100% labeling standards, from salvaged sources, or from the intentional harvest of timber onsite.

14) Appropriate sourcing:

该项目必须纳入以地方为基础的解决方案，并促进以可持续做法、产品和服务为基础的区域经济的扩张。

15) Co nservation and reuse:

项目团队必须努力减少或消除在设计、施工、运营和寿命结束期间产生的废物，以节约自然资源。
The project team must create a Material Conservation Management Plan that explains how the project optimizes materials in each of the following phases:

  • Design Phase, including the consideration of appropriate durability in product specification
  • Construction Phase, including product optimization and collection of wasted materials
  • Operation Phase, including a collection plan for consumables and durables
  • 生命结束阶段，包括可适应的重用和解构的计划。

Equity - 3 Imperatives

16) Human scale + humane spaces:

The project must be designed to create human-scaled rather than automobile-scaled places, so that the experience brings out the best in humanity and promotes culture and interaction. There are specific requirements for paved areas, street and block design, building scale and signage that contribute to livable places.

17) Democracy and social justice:

All primary transportation, roads and non-building infrastructure that are considered externally focused must be equally accessible to all members of the public, with reasonable steps taken to ensure that all people can benefit from the project’s creation.

For the Neighborhood Typology, a minimum of fifteen percent of housing units must meet an affordable housing standard. Provisions must be in place for these units to remain affordable through time.

必须通过符合《美国残疾人法》(ADA)和《建筑障碍法》(ABA)无障碍指南的设计来保障身体残疾人士的无障碍。

18) Rights to nature:

The project may not block access to, nor diminish the quality of, fresh air, sunlight and natural waterways for any member of society or adjacent developments.

  • 新鲜空气:该项目必须保护邻近的财产免受任何有害气体的排放，这将损害其使用自然通风的能力。所有操作排放必须不含红色清单项目。
  • Sunlight: Restrictions are place on the amount of sunlight that blocks adjacent buildings.
  • Natural Waterways: The project may not restrict access to the edge of any natural waterway, except where such access can be proven to be a hazard to public safety. No project may assume ownership of water contained in these bodies or compromise the quality or quantity that flows downstream.

If the project’s boundary is more than sixty meters long parallel to the edge of the waterway, it must incorporate and maintain an access path to the waterway from the most convenient public right-of-way.

Beauty - 2 Imperatives

19) Beauty and spirit:

The project must contain design features intended solely for human delight and the celebration of culture, spirit and place appropriate to its function.

20) Inspiration and education:

必须向公众提供有关项目运作和绩效的教育材料，以分享成功的解决方案，并激励其他人做出改变。项目的非敏感区域每年至少有一天必须向公众开放，以促进与“生活建筑挑战”的直接接触。

What we have included here is only a brief overview intended to give you a taste of what lies ahead should you attempt the Living Building Challenge. For further information and an indepth look into the program, you'll need to familiarize yourself with theLiving Building Challenge Standard. Good Luck!